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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma of American Indians</text>
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            <text>&lt;a href="https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/32"&gt;https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/32&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <text>Dissertation</text>
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        <name>Author(s)</name>
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            <text>Rita Haidle Billow</text>
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        <name>Publisher</name>
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            <text>The University of Montana </text>
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        <name>Publication Date</name>
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            <text>2011</text>
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            <text>United States</text>
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            <text>English</text>
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        <name>Abstract</name>
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            <text>The present study explored how racism-related stress was characterized by respondents&#13;
and investigated the ways in which these respondents coped with this type of stress.&#13;
Using content analysis, four broad themes of race-related stress emerged: 1) Institutional,&#13;
2) Intergroup, 3) Bicultural, and 4) Intragroup. Race-related coping strategies, which&#13;
included the cognitive, emotional and behavioral strategies respondents used to reduce&#13;
and/or manage their experiences of racism, were also explored. Eight overarching coping&#13;
strategies were described: 1) Taking action, 2) Acceptance, 3) Escaping, 4) Collective&#13;
coping, 5) Meaning making, 6) Affective coping, 7) ―Returning to what Indians did&#13;
before‖, and 8) Creative coping. This work has important implications given the evidence&#13;
that suggests that racism is a unique source of stress that contributes to the reduced&#13;
quality of life for racial/ethnic minorities as well as to the race/ethnicity-based disparities&#13;
in mental and physical health. As such, this study begins to expand our awareness of the&#13;
sources of race-related stress among this population as well as begins to improve our&#13;
understanding of the coping strategies that are effective in helping these Native American&#13;
individuals cope with racism. In the present analysis, results were compared to the&#13;
existing race-related stress and coping literature in an effort to understand the unique and&#13;
common experiences of racism across different racial/ethnic minority groups. The&#13;
findings indicated that for this sample of Native American older adults the welfare of the&#13;
group/tribe and maintaining a sense of belonging to the group were important values that&#13;
influenced coping behaviors. These findings suggest that appropriate and effective&#13;
clinical and social interventions for this population should take into account the values,&#13;
attitudes and customs of a Native American worldview that recognizes the central&#13;
importance of belongingness/interconnectedness. However given that this study did not&#13;
specifically ask about racism, future studies will need to employ a more direct line of&#13;
questioning since it is quite possible that specific questions regarding respondents‘&#13;
experiences with racism could lead to different and/or more complete responses.</text>
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        <name>Cataloger</name>
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            <text>Kristen Walker</text>
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          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <text>A Qualitative Investigation of the Strategies used by a Sample of Native American Older Adults to Cope with Race-Related Stressors</text>
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        <element elementId="49">
          <name>Subject</name>
          <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <text>Indigenous peoples</text>
            </elementText>
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    <tag tagId="659">
      <name>Belonging</name>
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      <name>Clinical Intervention</name>
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    <tag tagId="311">
      <name>Coping</name>
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    <tag tagId="661">
      <name>Native American Adults</name>
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    <tag tagId="10">
      <name>Racism</name>
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    <tag tagId="21">
      <name>Stress</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="131">
      <name>United States</name>
    </tag>
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