https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/d860ba2a36e3c2ab6ffeea5795aa02de.pdf 72fcbdfa24d67eeb97e5f0ef28a34ccf Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13680">https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13680</a> Document Type Journal article Author(s) Kathryn Backholer, Linh Nguyen, Duong Vu, Constance Ching, Phil Baker, Roger Mathisen Volume Vol. 21 Issue No. 1 Publisher John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Journal Name Maternal & Childhood Nutrition Publication Date 2025 Region Vietnam Language English Access Open Access Abstract Breastfeeding rates in Vietnam, and globally, remain suboptimal. A major contributor to this is the aggressive marketing of commercial milk formulas (CMF), mainly through online media. The Vietnamese Government has implemented legal measures to limit CMF marketing, but these have been difficult to enforce, because of complex online environments. We aimed to quantify the extent and nature of online violations and contradictions in various Vietnamese laws related CMF marketing over 12 months in 2022. Using a cross-sectional study design, we used an artificial intelligence-enabled virtual violations detector (VIVID) to monitor official websites and social media pages of 25 breastmilk substitute (BMS) merchandise and distributors, every day for 12 months in 2022. Data were summarised descriptively. We detected more than 3000 online advertisements that violated or contradicted the intent of Vietnamese laws, involving almost 7000 violations of various articles within these laws (average 9.5 violations per day). More than 700 detections were related to CMF products being registered as “supplementary foods” or similar, thereby circumventing Vietnamese CMF marketing laws, because they are not registered as “BMS products. We demonstrate the need to strengthen the design, monitoring and enforcement of existing Vietnamese laws to eliminate mothers” exposure to the exploitative digital marketing of CMF. By turning a highly resource-intensive task into one that is, automated requiring substantially less resources, our study represents the most comprehensive in Vietnam and internationally on the extent and nature of the online marketing of BMS. VIVID can be applied worldwide to hold industry accountable for the inappropriate marketing of CMF. Cataloger Kristen Walker Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Violations of Vietnamese laws related to the online marketing of breastmilk substitutes: Detections using a virtual violations detector Subject The topic of the resource Breastfeeding--Law and legislation Child Nutrition Nursing Children Vietnam