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              <text>Kristen Walker</text>
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              <text>This study explores epigenetics as a factor in the transgenerational heritability of environmental stressors or traumas experienced by the ancestors and observed in the form of disease, pathology, unhappiness, or other mal-adaptive behaviors, in Systemic Family Constellations. It employs a multiparadigmatic model of research and performs a meta-analysis of extant literature on epigenetics from biology, genetics, medicine and psychology. It explores epigenetic changes in genome expression that are transmitted transgenerationally and proposes that epigenetics may be a factor to explain how environmental stressors or traumas experienced by the ancestors are transferred to individuals in the present and observed in Systemic Family Constellations. It presents the extant theories that explain “how constellations work” and introduces epigenetics as an additional biologic, scientific explanation. A narrative history of Bert Hellinger includes his tenure as a missionary and educator with the Zulus of South Africa, and demonstrates how Hellinger’s personal history and his immersion in Zulu culture led to the creation of Family Constellations. It explores Hellinger’s studies of the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, the systems approaches to therapy, family therapies, and brief therapy, neurolinguistic programming, transactional analysis and life scripts, transgenerational therapy, and psychodrama, and ties all of these to Hellinger’s experience with the ancestor reverence shown by the Zulus of South Africa that culminated in Hellinger’s creation of Systemic Family Constellations.</text>
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              <text>After its abandonment in the 1980s, threat has re-emerged as an area of theoretical importance in understanding social movement mobilization (Jasper 1998). This case study examines the role of threat in mobilizing members of a movement to empower the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation (a small tribal community in NC). The study explores threats and the emotions that make them up, while also investigating the relevance of other prominent assumptions embedded in mobilization theories. The study employed mixed methodologies including focus groups, individual interviews, and participant observation. Findings supported the idea that threats may be partially responsible for creating mobilization, but also suggest that prominent threats faced by this community complicate the ways in which threat is understood. The findings also shed light on limitations of the prominent Weber-Michels model for movement growth/decline, and highlight potential areas of interest for future research with Indigenous communities.</text>
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                <text>The Impacts of Threat and Emotions on Indigenous Mobilization: an investigation of assumptions in social movement theory</text>
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              <text>Rosalina D. James, Kathleen M. West, Katrina G. Claw, Abigail EchoHawk, Leah Dodge, Adrian Dominguez, Maile Taualii, Ralph Forquera, Kenneth Thummel, Wylie Burke</text>
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              <text>American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities harbor understandable mistrust of research. Outside researchers have historically controlled processes, promulgating conclusions and recommended policies with virtually no input from the communities studied.&#13;
&#13;
Reservation-based communities can apply sovereignty rights conferred by the federal government to change this research trajectory. Many tribes now require review and approval before allowing research activities to occur, in part through the development of regulatory codes and oversight measures. Tribal oversight ensures that research is directed toward questions of importance to the community and that results are returned in ways that optimize problem solving. Unfortunately, tribal governance protections do not always extend to AI/ANs residing in urban environments.&#13;
&#13;
Although they represent the majority of AI/ANs, urban Indians face an ongoing struggle for visibility and access to health care. It is against this backdrop that urban Indians suffer disproportionate health problems. Improved efforts to ensure responsible research with urban Indian populations requires attention to community engagement, research oversight, and capacity building. We consider strategies to offset these limitations and develop a foundation for responsible research with urban Indians.</text>
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              <text>Haley Lesemann</text>
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Some Americans insist that we’re living in a post-racial society. But racist thought is not just alive and well in America — it is more sophisticated and more insidious than ever. And as award-winning historian Ibram X. Kendi argues, racist ideas have a long and lingering history, one in which nearly every great American thinker is complicit.&#13;
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In this deeply researched and fast-moving narrative, Kendi chronicles the entire story of anti-black racist ideas and their staggering power over the course of American history. He uses the life stories of five major American intellectuals to drive this history: Puritan minister Cotton Mather, Thomas Jefferson, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison, W.E.B. Du Bois, and legendary activist Angela Davis.&#13;
&#13;
As Kendi shows, racist ideas did not arise from ignorance or hatred. They were created to justify and rationalize deeply entrenched racist policies and the nation’s racial inequities.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
In shedding light on this history, Stamped from the Beginning offers us the tools we need to expose racist thinking. In the process, he gives us reason to hope.</text>
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              <text>American Indians suffer disproportional disease burden from chronic conditions such as Type 2 diabetes (hereinafter “diabetes”). In response to this health crisis, the United States Congress implemented the Special Diabetes Program for Indians (SDPI), a community-based demonstration project to help patients prevent diabetes and reduce risk for cardiovascular disease. This paper describes how intervention case managers at one SDPI site, the Yakama Healthy Heart Program (YHHP), conceptualized culturally responsive intervention strategies, and patient, system, and cultural factors that impact participation in the SDPI intervention.&#13;
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Methods: Thematic analyses of qualitative data derived from focus groups comprised of three categories: retained participants, non-retained participants, and intervention case managers.&#13;
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Findings: Recommendations to inform an American Indian participatory medical model include: 1) reciprocity of individuals and systems must be implemented throughout all levels and for the duration of the intervention; 2) community champions need to serve as intervention leaders; and 3) institutional structures must promote relationship building between providers and patients within a community and cultural context. Our findings indicate that the unique structural qualities and community-engaged retention strategies of YHHP are critical to ensuring strong case manager-patient relationships, recruitment, and retention.</text>
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              <text>This chapter explores the intersection between culture, trauma, and child welfare. As child welfare systems are becoming more trauma informed, this chapter examines the trauma-focused question of “what happened?” to children and their families as a consequence of their cultural identity and how might that influence the potential contact with the child welfare system. Included in this analysis are the experiences of children from immigrant and refugee families for whom the circumstances in their country of origin and their experiences once arriving in the United States can include traumatic events. This analysis also includes the experiences of children and families from marginalized populations for which there is a potential negative impact of historical trauma, present-day prejudice and discrimination, and disproportionate exposure to negative factors related to the social determinants of health. The second portion of the chapter focuses on the implementation and application of cultural and linguistic competence as an inextricable component to achieve a trauma-informed mission toward the safety, permanence, and well-being of children. The chapter defines cultural competence and delineates implementation of cultural competence for child welfare practitioners, organizations, and systems.&#13;
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              <text>Recovering Boarding School Trauma Narratives: Christopher Robin Milne as a Psychological Companion on the Journey to Healing is a unique, emotive and theorised narrative of a young girl’s experience of boarding school in Australia. Christine Jack traces its impact on the emerging identity of the child, including sexual development and emotional capacity, the transmission of trauma into adulthood and the long process of recovery. Interweaving her story with the experiences of Christopher Robin Milne, she presents her memoir as an exemplar of how narrative writing can be employed in remembering and recovering from traumatic experiences. Unique and powerfully written, Jack takes the reader on a journey into her childhood in Australian boarding school convents in the 1950s and 1960s. Comparing her experience with Christopher Robin Milne’s, she interrogates his memoirs, illustrating that boarding school trauma knows no boundaries of time and place. She investigates their emerging individuality before being sent to live an institutional life and traces their feelings of longing and loneliness as well as the impact of the abuse each endured there. As an educational historian, Jack writes in a ground-breaking way from the perspective of an insider and outsider, revealing how trauma remains in the unconscious, wielding power over the life of the adult, until the traumatic memories are recovered, emotions released and associated dysfunctional behaviour changed, restoring well-being. Engaging the lenses of history, life-span and Jungian psychology, feminist and trauma theory and boarding school trauma research, this book positions narrative writing as a way of reducing the power of trauma over the lives of survivors. Personal and accessible, this book will be essential reading for psychologists and educational historians, as well as students and academics of psychology, sociology, trauma studies, ex-boarders and those interested in the life of Christopher Robin Milne.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.06.006"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.06.006&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Many individuals worldwide are exposed to continuous traumatic stress (CTS). However, the psychiatric sequela of CTS and the relevance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria in this situation have yet to be determined. Filling this gap, the present study assessed psychiatric reactions to CTS and the relationship between such reactions and functional impairment among two representative samples of adults exposed to ongoing shelling over 6 (n=387) and 9 years (n=468). Assessment included PTSD symptomatology (i.e., intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal), anxiety, somatization, and depression. Profile categorization aimed to underscore variations in symptom clustering and severity, and determine whether or not a profile is dominated by PTSD symptoms. Latent Profile analyses (LPA) of sample I revealed four distinct symptoms profiles: (1) 'symptomatically resilient'; (2) 'symptomatically low-moderate'; (3) 'symptomatically moderate-high'; and (4) 'symptomatically overall high'. LPA of sample II revealed three distinct symptoms profiles: (1) 'symptomatically resilient'; (2) 'symptomatically low-moderate'; (3) "symptomatically moderate-high". Moreover, profile variation was implicated in dysfunction. Consistent with studies focusing on single trauma exposure, the findings revealed that the most prevalent profile was the symptomatically resilient, indicating that most people exposed to CTS seem to evince a scarce number of psychiatric symptoms. Moreover, reactions to CTS proved broader than the existing PTSD symptomatology. Examining symptom dominance and severity in relation to impairment and dysfunction, and clinical considerations are discussed.&#13;
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                <text>Psychiatric Reactions to Continuous Traumatic Stress: A Latent Profile Analysis of two Israeli samples</text>
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        <name>Israel</name>
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      <tag tagId="123">
        <name>Political Violence</name>
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        <name>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)</name>
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        <name>Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>The Holocaust, 1939-1945</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-009-9301-7"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-009-9301-7&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Paolo Iliceto, Gabriella Candilera, Diletta Funaro, Maurizio Pompili, Kalman J. Kaplan, Moriah Markus-Kaplan </text>
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              <text>No. 2</text>
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              <text>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</text>
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              <text>Journal of Religion and Health</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="13475">
              <text>2009</text>
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              <text>15736571</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="13479">
              <text>English</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="13480">
              <text>Restricted Access</text>
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              <text>The psychiatric literature is divided with regard to the long-term psychological effects associated with Holocaust (Shoah) experiences because the findings of clinical and empirical studies often contradict each other. Despite case reports of emotional sequelae related to intergenerational transmission of trauma, recent empirical research has suggested that offspring of survivors of the Shoah did not differ from other children and found no evidence that traumatic experiences of survivors of the Shoah affected their children's and grandchildren's adjustment. To shed light on some of the differences between the empirical and clinical observations, the present study set out to compare the grandchildren of survivors of the Shoah and persons of the same age whose families had not been through the Shoah experience. This study compared the two groups on some psychological dimensions relevant to traumatic sequelae: hopelessness, temperament, personality, attitudes, and interpersonal expectations. Subjects were 124 equally divided among the Shoah survivors' grandchildren and comparison groups; we administered to all subjects TEMPS-A Rome, Beck Hopelessness Scale, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and 9AP (9 Attachment Profile). We found no differences between two groups in Hopelessness, Dysthimic/Cyclotimic/Anxious, Hyperthimic temperament, and self-perception; instead the Shoah survivors' grandchildren have a view of the other as rejecting, hostile, submissive, insecure, unreliable, and competitive in the interpersonal relationships. The Shoah survivors' grandchildren are similar to controls in affective temperament, hopelessness and self-perception, but they are more irritable and angry than controls, and their perception about others is deeply negative. Attribution theory was used to elucidate these findings.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="13482">
              <text>Haley Lesemann</text>
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                <text>Hopelessness, Temperament, Anger and Interpersonal Relationships in Holocaust (Shoah) Survivors’ Grandchildren</text>
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                <text>Grandchildren of Holocaust survivors</text>
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        <name>Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma</name>
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        <name>Intergenerational Trauma</name>
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      <tag tagId="753">
        <name>Jewish Holocaust Survivors</name>
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      <tag tagId="20">
        <name>Psychological Distress</name>
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      <tag tagId="752">
        <name>Third-Generation Holocaust Survivors</name>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000259"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000259&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Liat Itzhaky, Jacob Y Stein, Yafit Levin, Zahava Solomon</text>
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          <name>Volume</name>
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              <text>No. 6</text>
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              <text>American Psychological Association</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="13457">
              <text>Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy</text>
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              <text>2017</text>
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              <text>1942969X</text>
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              <text>Israel</text>
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          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="13463">
              <text>English</text>
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              <text>Objective: War trauma may foster ramifications for marital relationships. Veterans may feel that no one can understand them and thus impact their relationships. The current study aims to shed light on the role that posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), loneliness, and attachment orientations may play in marital adjustment among combat veterans. Method: Participants were 504 veterans who served in the Lebanon War in 1982. Results: Analysis revealed that higher PTSS levels were related to lower marital adjustment and that the indirect path of this relation through loneliness was significant. Furthermore, attachment orientations moderated the direct link between PTSS and marital adjustment, but failed to moderate the indirect effect through loneliness. Conclusions: A sense of isolation should be addressed in therapy, as well as the interpersonal expectations of the veteran. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2017.1284491"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2017.1284491&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Liat Itzhaky, Sharon Avidor, Zahava Solomon</text>
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              <text>The link between posttraumatic guilt and posttraumatic stress disorder has gained recognition over the past decades and was recently expressed in the modifications made to the diagnostic criteria for the disorder under the DSM-V. Yet, the psychological dynamics underlying this relation are still not fully understood. The present study introduces a model whereby different dynamics between guilt and hostility are related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS), following different traumatic war experiences. One hundred and forty-four former prisoners of war (ex-POWs) and 143 comparable combatants participated in the study, 30 years after the war, reporting on their PTSS, guilt, and hostility. Moderation analyses revealed a three-way interaction, where high hostility buffered the effect of guilt on PTSS only among ex-POWs. This finding suggests a distinctive dynamic among guilt, hostility, and PTSS following diverse traumatic events. Specifically, it appears that hostility can have a mitigating effect on the negative outcomes of guilt for ex-POWs following trauma, but not for non-POW veterans. The theoretical reasoning and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed.</text>
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                <text>Long-Term Guilt and Hostility Underlying Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in War Combatants and Ex-Prisoners of War&#13;
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