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              <text>Victoria M. O'Keefe, Tara L. Maudrie, Fiona Grubin, Miigis B. Gonzalez, Jessica Saniguq Ullrich, Maria Crouch, Evan White, Monica M. Desjardins, Lisa Martin, Melissa Lewis, Mary HorseChief, Angela Fernandez, Angelina Phoebe Keryte, Melissa L. Walls</text>
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              <text>Intergenerational connectedness broadly encompasses relations among humans, lands, and all living and spiritual beings, and functions as an important part of Indigenous well-being. Many public health campaigns and interventions aim to promote connectedness to support holistic wellness and reduce health inequities. Currently, however, there are no measurement tools to assess intergenerational connectedness to support culturally grounded research and program evaluation. The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand and describe Indigenous intergenerational connectedness as part of a larger community-based participatory research study to develop a measure of Indigenous intergenerational connectedness. We convened a community advisory board and an Indigenous measurement development group to steer the project. We conducted N = 23 interviews with 21 Indigenous participants to learn about intergenerational connectedness. An inductive, thematic analysis yielded three primary themes: (1) dimensions of intergenerational connectedness, (2) facilitators of intergenerational connectedness, and (3) qualities and outcomes of intergenerational connectedness. These findings highlight the profound importance of intergenerational connectedness for Indigenous communities and its role in promoting health, mental health, and well-being. This study adds to the growing field of American Indian/Alaska Native strengths-based public health and mental health research promoting Indigenous values, worldviews, cosmologies, and epistemologies to promote healthy, thriving Indigenous communities.</text>
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                <text>"Someday, I'll Be An Ancestor:" Understanding indigenous intergenerational connectedness through qualitative research to inform measure development</text>
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              <text>Aline I. Palimaru, Nipher Malika, Ryan A. Brown, Pierce Holmes, Daniel L. Dickerson, Anthony Rodriguez, Carrie L. Johnson, Virginia Arvizu Sanchez, Elizabeth J. D'Amico</text>
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              <text>Centuries of trauma, displacement, and discrimination have taken a toll on American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) life expectancy and health outcomes. Despite resilience, AI/AN emerging adults (EAs) face mental and behavioral health disparities, including substance use, posttraumatic stress, and suicide. Research has consistently shown that AI/AN EAs are at risk of experiencing discrimination, which can range from linguistic taunts to physical threats and violence, as well as institutional discrimination. Discrimination is a key driver of health, and yet, there has been limited research to understand what types of discrimination events occur in this population, and how these experiences may be perceived and processed by AI/AN EAs. Interviews with a subsample of 20 participants from a larger clinical trial explored dimensions of discrimination, including types of experiences; perceived motivation and impact; and how participants coped. Results highlight nuances in experienced discrimination, including vivid accounts of verbal and physical aggression. Some participants identified teachers or highly educated colleagues who were perceived to contribute to the problem. A surprising finding was the experience of discrimination in social interactions with tribal communities and other minority groups. This complements prior evidence of discrimination in and around AI/AN areas, suggesting that additional mechanisms of discrimination should be studied further. Results also highlight how participants were resilient, for example, by accessing support in the form of tribal workshops or professional mentoring. This study highlights opportunities for additional research, as well as actionable details that could inform programming to help AI/AN EAs cope with discrimination.</text>
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                <text>"Am I Not Native Enough?" A Qualitative Exploration of Experienced Discrimination Among American Indian/Alaska Native Emerging Adults</text>
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              <text>Vivian M. Gonzalez, Monica C. Skewes</text>
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              <text>Wiley, on behalf of the Research Society on Alcoholism</text>
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              <text>Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research</text>
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              <text>2021</text>
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              <text>Background&#13;
Belief in the myth of an American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN)–specific biological vulnerability (BV) to alcohol problems is associated with worse alcohol outcomes among AIAN college students who drink, despite also being associated with greater attempts to reduce drinking. This study examined the association of belief in a BV with alcohol use among reservation-dwelling AI adults with a substance use problem.&#13;
&#13;
Methods&#13;
Participants (n = 141) who drank alcohol in the past 90 days were selected from a larger AI sample who self-identified as having a substance use problem. Moderated-mediation analyses examined whether belief in a BV was positively associated with alcohol- and substance use-related consequences and whether self-efficacy and craving mediated the association of belief in a BV with alcohol use.&#13;
&#13;
Results&#13;
Among participants who reported using alcohol but not hard drugs (e.g., methamphetamine, opioids), greater belief in a BV was associated with more drinking days, which in turn was associated with greater alcohol-related consequences. Among participants who used alcohol only, belief in a BV was also significantly associated with greater craving, and in turn with more drinking days. Among individuals who used both alcohol and hard drugs, greater belief in a BV was associated with fewer drinking days, but was not significantly associated with substance use-related consequences. No association was found between belief in a BV and self-efficacy to avoid alcohol or drug use.&#13;
&#13;
Conclusions&#13;
Among individuals who use only alcohol, belief in a BV may contribute to more drinking days and greater alcohol-related consequences through its association with greater craving. This study provides further evidence of the potential harm of internalizing the belief that being AIAN contributes to the risk for alcohol problems, a notion that lacks scientific evidence despite decades of research. The findings highlight the importance of combating societal myths regarding AIAN peoples and the internalization of these stereotypes.</text>
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                <text>Belief in the Myth of an American Indian/Alaska Native Biological Vulnerability to Alcohol Problems Among Reservation-dwelling Participants with a Substance Use Problem</text>
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          <name>Volume</name>
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              <text>Vol. 32</text>
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        <element elementId="59">
          <name>Issue</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>No. 2</text>
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              <text>American Psychological Association (Washington, D.C.)</text>
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              <text>Cultural Diversity &amp; Ethnic Minority Psychology</text>
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        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Publication Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="10043">
              <text>2026</text>
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              <text>19390106</text>
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              <text>United States</text>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Abstract</name>
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              <text>Objective: Culture may influence attitudes toward alcohol intervention strategies among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals. This study examined AI/AN college students’ attitudes regarding harm-reduction (HR) and abstinence-only (AO) intervention strategies to overcome problems with alcohol, including perceived social support for using these strategies. Method: Participants were AI/AN college students who consumed alcohol (N = 159) and completed a single in-person data collection session. Separate analyses of covariance were conducted to examine perceived effectiveness and self-efficacy for the intervention strategies and perceived support of friends and family. Results: No difference in perceived effectiveness was found, while self-efficacy was higher for HR than AO for both hazardously and nonhazardously drinking groups. Likewise, participants perceived greater social support for HR than AO strategies, even from friends or family who are abstinent, and no differences were found between hazardous and nonhazardous drinking groups in perceived support for these interventions. Conclusions: AI/AN students who drink perceived no difference in effectiveness between HR and AO strategies and were more confident in their abilities to utilize HR strategies over AO. Regardless of drinking status, participants perceived they would have greater social support for HR compared with AO strategies from friends and family. The findings indicate that HR intervention strategies may be a socially valid intervention option for AI/AN college students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved)</text>
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              <text>Haley Lesemann</text>
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                <text>Attitudes Regarding Harm-reduction and Abstinence Intervention Strategies for Alcohol Problems Among American Indian/Alaska Native College Students.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>College students--Alcohol use--United States</text>
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        <name>Indigenous Health</name>
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        <name>Interventions</name>
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      <tag tagId="241">
        <name>Native Americans</name>
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        <name>Social Support</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma of American Indians</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/16638/"&gt;https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/16638/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Natalie Costa</text>
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              <text>2024</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="9757">
              <text>Open Access </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9758">
              <text>Forced assimilation of Native American peoples has led to the destruction of their traditional ways of life and contributed to heightened rates of Native American children in foster care, increased domestic violence, substance abuse, alcoholism, and poverty. The purpose of this study was to understand associations between perceived parenting behaviors and current adult attachment within Native American communities and whether those associations were moderated by historical loss. The attachment theory and historical trauma theory were used as theoretical foundations for the study. Research questions for this nonexperimental quantitative study involved associations between warmth and involvement and anxious and avoidant attachment behaviors during adulthood using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) instruments, as well as the Historical Loss Scale. 11 individuals participated in this study who were 18 or older, lived in the United States, and identified as Native American. A series of individual simple linear regressions were run for research questions. However, due to the inability to obtain a sufficient sample size, statistically significant results were not found. Further research on this topic and better access to the proposed population are recommended to support a clearer understanding of how parenting behaviors, attachment dimensions, and historical loss interact among Native Americans. This study contributes to positive social change through bringing awareness to the relationships dynamics within the Native American family system and the impact historical loss is having on that population in order to support healing for this community.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="63">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9759">
              <text>Haley Lesemann</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9748">
                <text>Association Between Adults’ Perceptions of Their Parents’ Parenting Behaviors During Youth and Resulting Attachment Dimensions in Adulthood in the Native American Community</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9753">
                <text>Families--Psychological aspects</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="242">
        <name>Assimilation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="429">
        <name>Child Development</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="56">
        <name>Children</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="424">
        <name>Family</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="273">
        <name>Family Relationships</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>Intergenerational Trauma</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="777" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="3959">
                  <text>Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma of American Indians</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9730">
              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5820/aian.3204.2026.57"&gt;https://doi.org/10.5820/aian.3204.2026.57&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="9733">
              <text>Damian M. Chase-Begay, Julie Cahoon, Jeffery C. Peterson, Annie Belcourt, Curtis Noonan, Blakely Brown</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Volume</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9734">
              <text>Vol. 32</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9735">
              <text>No. 4</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (Aurora, Colo.)</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research</text>
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        <element elementId="53">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9738">
              <text>2026</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9739">
              <text>15337731</text>
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          <description/>
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              <text>Montana, United States</text>
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          <name>Language</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9743">
              <text>English</text>
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          <name>Access</name>
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              <text>Open Access </text>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Abstract</name>
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              <text>American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities have&#13;
relied on traditional ceremonial practices (TCPs) for survival and&#13;
resilience for generations. Research examining the role of TCPs on&#13;
wellness in urban, multi-tribal communities, however, has only recently&#13;
emerged over the last several decades. This study explored the association&#13;
between TCP-related variables and substance use in an urban AI/AN&#13;
community in Montana. Specifically, participant knowledge, attitudes, and&#13;
beliefs (KAB) regarding TCPs, their level of intent to participate in TCPs,&#13;
and past year substance use were measured. This cross-sectionalstudy used&#13;
survey data from 194 AI/AN adults (66% female, 5% nonbinary; M age =&#13;
44). Positive KAB toward TCPs was found in 56.4% of respondents.&#13;
Greater level of intent to participate in TCPs was found in 36.7% of&#13;
respondents. Multivariate logistic regression showed individuals with&#13;
positive KAB were less likely to report past year alcohol [adjusted odds&#13;
ratio (AOR): 0.49; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.26, 0.93] or other&#13;
drug use (AOR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.76). Individuals who reported a&#13;
greater level of intent to participate in TCPs were also less likely to report&#13;
past year alcohol (AOR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.98) or other drug use (AOR:&#13;
0.31; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.91). The findings highlight a need for further&#13;
examination of the potential effectiveness of substance use interventions for&#13;
urban AI/AN adults that incorporate TCP-related factors.</text>
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        <element elementId="63">
          <name>Cataloger</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Haley Lesemann</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9731">
                <text>Assessing American Indian Traditional Ceremonial Practices and Substance Use Behaviors in an Urban, Multi-Tribal Setting: Results from a Community Survey</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9740">
                <text>Substance abuse--Montana--Prevention</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="475">
        <name>Addiction</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="137">
        <name>Alcohol Abuse</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="33">
        <name>Indigenous Communities</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="3">
        <name>Indigenous peoples</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>Substance Abuse</name>
      </tag>
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  </item>
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                  <text>Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma of American Indians</text>
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              <text>Käsebier, Gertrude, 1852-1934, photographer</text>
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              <text>ca. 1900</text>
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              <text>Library of Congress</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsca.12123/"&gt;https://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsca.12123/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="9320">
              <text>Charles American Horse, probably a member of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, half-length portrait, facing front, holding a peace pipe.</text>
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              <text>Käsebier, Gertrude, 1852-1934, photographer</text>
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                <text>Charles American Horse, American Indian</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Indians of North America--1890-1910</text>
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Prevention of alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) involves reducing risky alcohol consumption among women at-risk for pregnancy, using effective contraception among women drinking at risky levels to prevent pregnancy, or both. This study presents the outcomes of a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of Native CHOICES, a culturally tailored adaptation of the CHOICES intervention, among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women.&#13;
&#13;
Methods&#13;
AI/AN women aged 18–44 who were at-risk for an AEP were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the Native CHOICES intervention or a waitlist control group. Native CHOICES comprised two sessions of motivational interviewing and an elective contraception counseling session. Data were collected at baseline, and 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postbaseline. Due to the pandemic, the intervention was at times delivered remotely.&#13;
&#13;
Results&#13;
A total of 404 women participated: 199 in the control group and 205 in the intervention group. Sixty-seven percent of the intervention group received the intervention in-person, and 33% participated by telephone or video call. Sixty-four percent of women completed all follow-up visits. At the six-month follow-up, the intervention did not demonstrate a significant impact on AEP risk compared with the control arm when analyzing all the data (RR = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–1.07). However, an exploratory subgroup analysis showed evidence of a reduction in AEP risk among participants who completed the study in-person before the COVID-19 pandemic (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63–0.98), which was not observed during or after the pandemic (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.91–1.24).&#13;
&#13;
Conclusions&#13;
The Native CHOICES intervention did not show evidence of effectiveness overall. However, exploratory analyses offer some evidence that the intervention was effective prior to the pandemic.</text>
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              <text>Background&#13;
Suicide among young people in Alaska Native (AN) communities was nearly unheard of through the establishment of statehood in 1959, but from 1960–1995, the suicide rate increased by approximately 500% during this period of rapid, imposed social transition. These disruptions increased conditions associated with suicide risk (e.g., substance use disorders, cultural disconnection), and challenged the community-level social safety net of youth protective factors. The purpose of this paper is to outline development and evaluation methodology for a comparative effectiveness trial of two virtual, culturally grounded, brief interventions to address suicide prevention among AN young people. The proposed study addresses significant gaps in culturally appropriate evidence-based programming to address suicide prevention among AN young people by comparing effectiveness of these two interventions. Findings from this study have potential to expand the range of accessible, critically important services to this population.&#13;
&#13;
Methods&#13;
Our interventions will be targeted toward AN young people ages 14–24 who present with suicide attempt, ideation, or associated risk behaviors, including alcohol-related injury in the Yukon-Kuskokwim region or the Interior of Alaska. In this randomized controlled comparative effectiveness trial, 14–24-year-old AN individuals will receive either BeWeL (Because We Love You) which will comprise a 45-min virtual wisdom talk addressing family strengths and increasing protective factors (n = 185), or BeWeL + MISN (plus motivational interviewing about social networks), which will include an additional 15 min focused on discussion of the individual’s social networks (n = 185). Both interventions will have two follow-up visits at 2 and 6 weeks. We will evaluate changes in both intervention groups from the baseline survey at 3, 6, and 12 months on primary outcomes of suicide-intent risk, depression, anxiety, frequency of alcohol use, and alcohol consequences and compare effectiveness between the two interventions. In our secondary aim, we will evaluate changes in both groups from the baseline survey at 3, 6, and 12 months on individual and community protective factors, social networks, and awareness of connectedness and compare effectiveness between the two interventions.&#13;
&#13;
Discussion&#13;
This project has the potential to expand the range and effectiveness of suicide prevention services for AN young people and will help meet the need in Alaska to link clinical behavioral health services to AN community-based networks, and to engage local cultural resources in aftercare for individuals at risk for suicide. Findings have potential to provide practical information to advance the field of suicide prevention and enhance protective factors and resiliency among this population.&#13;
&#13;
Trial registration&#13;
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05360888; Registered December 22, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05360888.</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2024.2403976"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2024.2403976&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Steffi M. Kim, Jordan P. Lewis, Juanita-Dawne Bacsu, Jodi L. Southerland, Matthew Lee Smith</text>
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              <text>National Council of State Boards of Nursing</text>
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              <text>Journal of Gerontological Social Work</text>
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              <text>2025</text>
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        <element elementId="78">
          <name>Abstract</name>
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              <text>Geographical remoteness, limited resources, and socioeconomic disparities contribute to the migration of rural Alaska Native Elders to urban areas to access medical services and resources, improve economic situations, or reunite with family. We compared the discourse of 12 Elders in Anchorage who previously lived in four remote traditional villages in the Norton Sound region (ages 60–84) and 13 Elders in those villages (ages 48–80). Using Gee’s discourse analysis framework, two patterns emerged detailing cultural effects on identity and Eldership, illuminating differences in the self-evaluation of successful aging based on cultural influences and the role of contextual factors.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="9493">
              <text>Jessica Alston</text>
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                <text>A Discourse Analysis of Cultural Influences on Alaska Native Successful Aging</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Indigenous peoples</text>
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        <name>Aging</name>
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        <name>Alaska Native</name>
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        <name>Indigenous peoples</name>
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        <name>United States</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma of American Indians</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.24-00322"&gt;https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.24-00322&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>David P. Kennedy, Elizabeth J. D'Amico, Ryan A. Brown, Daniel L. Dickerson, Carrie L. Johnson, Nipher Malika</text>
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              <text>Vol. 86</text>
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              <text>The Center for Alcohol and Substance Studies, Rutgers University</text>
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              <text>2025</text>
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              <text>Objective: This study investigated associations between social network characteristics and alcohol and cannabis use among non–reservation-living American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) emerging adults (18–25 years old), with a focus on the potential protective influence of AI/AN traditional practices (e.g., dancing, storytelling, beading). Method: The study used a multilevel, multivariable dyadic approach to analyze personal network composition and network connectivity (centrality and density) from 470 AI/AN emerging adults living in nonreservation areas across the United States. Eligible participants completed an online survey, which included questions about social networks and alcohol and cannabis use. Results: Findings indicated that network members who were similar in age, perceived to be friends, and lived nearby were more likely to be alcohol and cannabis use partners. Network members who shared AI/AN identity but did not engage in traditional practices were more likely to be alcohol and cannabis use partners than non-AI/AN network members. Analysis of network density demonstrated that having highly connected networks was associated with lower odds of respondents engaging in alcohol and cannabis use with members of their networks. However, highly central network members had higher odds of alcohol and cannabis use with respondents than those who were less central. Findings were robust when controlling for respondent and network alcohol and cannabis use. Conclusions: The study underscores the significance of the network context of alcohol and cannabis use for nonreservation AI/AN emerging adults. The protective role of traditional AI/AN practices highlights the importance of strength-based intervention approaches that promote healthy social connections and traditional practices. Future research should test hypotheses longitudinally to inform more effective prevention strategies.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="9482">
              <text>Robin Cole</text>
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                <text>Alcohol and Cannabis Use, Social Networks, and Non-Reservation American Indian/Alaska Native Emerging Adults: A Multi-level Dyadic Analysis</text>
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                <text>Substance use</text>
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        <name>American Indian and Alaska Native Emerging Adults</name>
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        <name>Nonreservation American Indian and Alaska Native</name>
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