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              <text>&lt;a href="https://alicehoffman.com/books/when-we-flew-away/"&gt;https://alicehoffman.com/books/when-we-flew-away/&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Anne Frank's The Diary of a Young Girl has captivated and inspired readers for decades. Published posthumously by her bereaved father, Anne's journal, written while she and her family were in hiding during World War II, has become one of the central texts of the Jewish experience during the Holocaust, as well as a work of literary genius.&#13;
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With the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, the Frank family's life is turned inside out, blow by blow, restriction by restriction. Prejudice, loss, and terror run rampant, and Anne is forced to bear witness as ordinary people become monsters, and children and families are caught up in the inescapable tide of violence.&#13;
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In the midst of impossible danger, Anne, audacious and creative and fearless, discovers who she truly is. With a wisdom far beyond her years, she will become a writer who will go on to change the world as we know it.&#13;
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Critically acclaimed author Alice Hoffman weaves a lyrical and heart-wrenching story of the way the world closes in on the Frank family from the moment the Nazis invade the Netherlands until they are forced into hiding, bringing Anne to bold, vivid life.&#13;
&#13;
Based on extensive research and published in cooperation with the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam, When We Flew Away is an extraordinary and moving tour de force.&#13;
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              <text>"Primo Levi (1919-87) once wrote "No one can say what his past would have been like 'if'." If it had not been for what happened to him at the age of 24, this unassuming Italian chemist might have lived and died unknown to all but his family and friends. It was the Holocaust that changed his life, and that gave him an intense need to testify." "His testimony is conveyed in a series of extraordinary books, the first of which, If This Is a Man, bears crucial witness to the horrors of the Holocaust, yet, nevertheless, in calm, almost serene, exemplary prose compellingly asserts the triumph of dignity and reason over brutality and baseness." "If This Is a Man was finally published in 1947 to respectful reviews but modest sales. In 1958 If This Is a Man was reissued in Italy, this time with great success. Other books followed, including The Truce, an account of his return from the camps through a disintegrating Europe. The Periodic Table, a brilliant, beautiful book, was published to a torrent of praise, and made his name known around the world. Re-publication of all his books swiftly followed; they were translated into seventeen languages in eighteen countries, and everywhere this gentle, discreet and modest man found himself praised and honoured." "On 11 April 1987 Primo Levi died. One of the most respected and beloved writers of our times, he had been expected to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. Yet his death is widely thought to have been suicide."</text>
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              <text>A partir de l’étude de deux œuvres majeures de la littérature concentrationnaire, l’auteur s’interroge sur les conditions de maintien du sentiment d’appartenance à l’humain dans les situations extrêmes. On étudiera ici la spécificité du phénomène génocidaire, dont la Shoah est le paradigme, et sa différence par rapport aux autres persécutions. L’hypothèse avancée est qu’en détruisant le pacte identificatoire qui lie le sujet à l’humanité, le génocide l’a définitivement privé du recours au groupe, indispensable pour le traitement du négatif et de la honte. Sans l’étayage du groupe, la tentative de penser le négatif se mue pour le sujet en une entreprise d’auto-destruction, qui aboutit à la désobjectalisation absolue, parfois jusqu’au suicide.</text>
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              <text>Intimate, honest, humorous and vividly graphic stories of family drama, political upheaval, sexual seduction, divorce, mass murder, betrayal, and the triumph of resurrection pour out when charismatic Holocaust survivor Xavier Piat breaks his long silence to share a remarkable past with his daughter, Naava Piatka. A colorful cast of true-life characters of Jewish visionaries, Nazi tormentors, Yiddish actresses, and international celebrities appear in recollections that span the globe from St. Petersburg to Paris, Vilna to London, Cape Town to Boston, and Jerusalem to New York. When her father, the authoritarian "god" Naava worshiped and feared, is revealed as a sensitive, complex mortal-the sole member of his once-large family to survive the Holocaust-both father and daughter experience renewed understanding, compassion and forgiveness. An engaging narrative with poetic phrasing and deep personal insight, No Goodbyes reminds us that our lives are interconnected, that suffering can turn into celebration, and that love, family, and the power of stories endure beyond death.</text>
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              <text>This volume represents the most comprehensive collection ever produced of empirical research on Holocaust education around the world. It comes at a critical time, as the world observes the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz.&#13;
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We are now at a turning point, as the generations that witnessed and survived the Shoah are slowly passing on. Governments are charged with ensuring that this defining event of the 20th century takes its rightful place in the schooling and the historical consciousness of their peoples.&#13;
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The policies and practices of Holocaust education around the world are as diverse as the countries that grapple with its history and its meaning. Educators around the globe struggle to reconcile national histories and memories with the international realities of the Holocaust and its implications for the present. These efforts take place at a time when scholarship about the Holocaust itself has made great strides.&#13;
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In this book, these issues are framed by some of the leading voices in the field, including Elie Wiesel and Yehuda Bauer, and then explored by many distinguished scholars who represent a wide range of expertise.&#13;
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Holocaust education is of such significance, so rich in meaning, so powerful in content, and so diverse in practice that the need for extensive, high-quality empirical research is critical. This book provides exactly that.</text>
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              <text>This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the many ways massive psychic trauma is known, for central to the response to trauma are the issues of knowing and forgetting. The chapter focuses on the attempt to know, the defenses against knowledge, the different levels of knowing that are possible, the inevitable limits of knowing, and implications for healing. It progresses from an initial focus on survivors of the Holocaust to a later focus on the next generation. The authors briefly address the question of modes of transmission of memory from one generation to the next. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.6.904"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.6.904&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Objective: Opinions differ about the effects of the Holocaust on the adult offspring of survivors. The authors studied cancer patients who were second-generation Holocaust survivors in an attempt to determine whether they react to their illness with the high distress found to be a characteristic of Holocaust survivors.&#13;
&#13;
Method: In a study population of women with breast cancer, 106 second-generation Holocaust survivors were compared to 102 women whose parents were not in the Holocaust. Background information was obtained by interviews. In addition, all patients completed three self-reports: the Mental Attitude to Cancer Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Impact of Event Scale.&#13;
&#13;
Results: The two groups had identical mean scores on the Mental Attitude to Cancer Scale. The offspring of Holocaust survivors had scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Impact of Event Scale that were substantially and significantly higher and in the range of psychopathology. Within the group, married women and women whose mothers were still alive were even more distressed. Other independent variables shed little light on why the second-generation Holocaust survivors suffered from extreme distress.&#13;
&#13;
Conclusions: Second-generation Holocaust survivors are particularly vulnerable to psychological distress and, when faced with a trauma such as breast cancer, react with extreme psychological distress.</text>
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              <text>Kristen Walker</text>
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                <text>Transmission of Response to Trauma? Second-Generation Holocaust Survivors’ Reaction to Cancer</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2018.1560663"&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2018.1560663&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>The present study investigates whether secondary traumatization (i.e., family history of Holocaust survival and secondary exposure to captivity) is implicated in subjective age. Women exposed to different levels of secondary traumatization (N 1⁄4 177) were assessed. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed that a Holocaust background and husband’s captivity had a marginally significant positive effect on age appearance. Women with a Holocaust background whose husbands were held captive reported older interest age, indicating double jeopardy for older subjective age when two sources of secondary traumatization are present. A similar trend existed for behavior age. Possible explanations for these complex findings of risk and resilience are discussed.</text>
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              <text>Kristen Walker</text>
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                <text>Double Jeopardy: The Effect of Multiple Secondary Trauma Exposure on Subjective Age</text>
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              <text>Sarah M Bender</text>
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              <text>2004</text>
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              <text>This is a study of the transgenerational effects of the Holocaust as manifested by one family in the United States. It looks at three generations from the perspective of a member of the third generation and attempts to connect research to her family. The study examines two married survivors, their two children, and the survivors’ grandchildren (primarily the author). The experiences of this family were gathered by interviews, personal understanding, and observation. The intention of this study is to contribute to the literature on how transgenerational effects impact individual families and to contribute to the goal of survivors everywhere, which is to “never forget.”</text>
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                <text>Transgenerational Effects of the Holocaust: Past, Present, and Future</text>
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