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              <text>A partir de l’étude de deux œuvres majeures de la littérature concentrationnaire, l’auteur s’interroge sur les conditions de maintien du sentiment d’appartenance à l’humain dans les situations extrêmes. On étudiera ici la spécificité du phénomène génocidaire, dont la Shoah est le paradigme, et sa différence par rapport aux autres persécutions. L’hypothèse avancée est qu’en détruisant le pacte identificatoire qui lie le sujet à l’humanité, le génocide l’a définitivement privé du recours au groupe, indispensable pour le traitement du négatif et de la honte. Sans l’étayage du groupe, la tentative de penser le négatif se mue pour le sujet en une entreprise d’auto-destruction, qui aboutit à la désobjectalisation absolue, parfois jusqu’au suicide.</text>
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                <text>Des Lumières à l'obscurité...Robert Antelme et Jean Améry, deux itinéraires</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://archive.org/details/primolevitragedy0000anis_v2a1"&gt;https://archive.org/details/primolevitragedy0000anis_v2a1&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>"Primo Levi (1919-87) once wrote "No one can say what his past would have been like 'if'." If it had not been for what happened to him at the age of 24, this unassuming Italian chemist might have lived and died unknown to all but his family and friends. It was the Holocaust that changed his life, and that gave him an intense need to testify." "His testimony is conveyed in a series of extraordinary books, the first of which, If This Is a Man, bears crucial witness to the horrors of the Holocaust, yet, nevertheless, in calm, almost serene, exemplary prose compellingly asserts the triumph of dignity and reason over brutality and baseness." "If This Is a Man was finally published in 1947 to respectful reviews but modest sales. In 1958 If This Is a Man was reissued in Italy, this time with great success. Other books followed, including The Truce, an account of his return from the camps through a disintegrating Europe. The Periodic Table, a brilliant, beautiful book, was published to a torrent of praise, and made his name known around the world. Re-publication of all his books swiftly followed; they were translated into seventeen languages in eighteen countries, and everywhere this gentle, discreet and modest man found himself praised and honoured." "On 11 April 1987 Primo Levi died. One of the most respected and beloved writers of our times, he had been expected to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. Yet his death is widely thought to have been suicide."</text>
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              <text>Anne Frank's The Diary of a Young Girl has captivated and inspired readers for decades. Published posthumously by her bereaved father, Anne's journal, written while she and her family were in hiding during World War II, has become one of the central texts of the Jewish experience during the Holocaust, as well as a work of literary genius.&#13;
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With the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, the Frank family's life is turned inside out, blow by blow, restriction by restriction. Prejudice, loss, and terror run rampant, and Anne is forced to bear witness as ordinary people become monsters, and children and families are caught up in the inescapable tide of violence.&#13;
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In the midst of impossible danger, Anne, audacious and creative and fearless, discovers who she truly is. With a wisdom far beyond her years, she will become a writer who will go on to change the world as we know it.&#13;
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Critically acclaimed author Alice Hoffman weaves a lyrical and heart-wrenching story of the way the world closes in on the Frank family from the moment the Nazis invade the Netherlands until they are forced into hiding, bringing Anne to bold, vivid life.&#13;
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Based on extensive research and published in cooperation with the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam, When We Flew Away is an extraordinary and moving tour de force.&#13;
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