1 12 27 https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/6b297e6f0b12437d23c0429ee534c6ea.png 07f802bdfe05408def5b6305e2521242 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-009-9301-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-009-9301-7</a> Document Type Journal article Author(s) Paolo Iliceto, Gabriella Candilera, Diletta Funaro, Maurizio Pompili, Kalman J. Kaplan, Moriah Markus-Kaplan Volume Vol. 50 Issue No. 2 Publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC Journal Name Journal of Religion and Health Publication Date 2009 ISBN 15736571 Language English Access Restricted Access Abstract The psychiatric literature is divided with regard to the long-term psychological effects associated with Holocaust (Shoah) experiences because the findings of clinical and empirical studies often contradict each other. Despite case reports of emotional sequelae related to intergenerational transmission of trauma, recent empirical research has suggested that offspring of survivors of the Shoah did not differ from other children and found no evidence that traumatic experiences of survivors of the Shoah affected their children's and grandchildren's adjustment. To shed light on some of the differences between the empirical and clinical observations, the present study set out to compare the grandchildren of survivors of the Shoah and persons of the same age whose families had not been through the Shoah experience. This study compared the two groups on some psychological dimensions relevant to traumatic sequelae: hopelessness, temperament, personality, attitudes, and interpersonal expectations. Subjects were 124 equally divided among the Shoah survivors' grandchildren and comparison groups; we administered to all subjects TEMPS-A Rome, Beck Hopelessness Scale, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and 9AP (9 Attachment Profile). We found no differences between two groups in Hopelessness, Dysthimic/Cyclotimic/Anxious, Hyperthimic temperament, and self-perception; instead the Shoah survivors' grandchildren have a view of the other as rejecting, hostile, submissive, insecure, unreliable, and competitive in the interpersonal relationships. The Shoah survivors' grandchildren are similar to controls in affective temperament, hopelessness and self-perception, but they are more irritable and angry than controls, and their perception about others is deeply negative. Attribution theory was used to elucidate these findings. Cataloger Haley Lesemann Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hopelessness, Temperament, Anger and Interpersonal Relationships in Holocaust (Shoah) Survivors’ Grandchildren Subject The topic of the resource Grandchildren of Holocaust survivors Family Relationships Holocaust Survivors Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma Intergenerational Trauma Jewish Holocaust Survivors Psychological Distress Third-Generation Holocaust Survivors https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/d1ce223ff6377d986a537300e82d79ed.pdf f4334cea863e3142cfcea497e9ecb6cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00718">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00718</a> Document Type Journal article Author(s) Yaakov Hoffman, Amit Shrira Volume Vol. 10 Publisher Frontiers Media SA Journal Name Frontiers in Psychiatry Publication Date 2019 ISBN 16640640 Region Israel Language English Access Open Access Abstract The effects of parental trauma on offspring of Holocaust survivors (OHS) are debated in the literature. Recently, scholars suggested that it may be more productive to ask when and via which mechanisms such effects are observed. Following, the current study examines if parental Holocaust-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are linked with the aging processes of their middle-aged offspring. Beyond this association, we also suggested a putative mediation path, indicating three underlying mechanisms by which parental trauma lingers on: perceived parent–child role reversal, secondary traumatization, and depressive symptoms. Using a convenience sample of 682 community-dwelling participants, comprising 341 older adult parent–middle-aged offspring dyads (M age = 81.71 and 54.58 for parents and offspring, respectively) to address this issue. Parents reported PTSD with the valid measure of PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. OHS reported perceived parent–child role reversal, secondary traumatization, depressive symptoms, and completed indices of successful aging. Based on parents’ reports, we divided the parent–offspring dyads into three groups: OHS whose parents had probable PTSD (n dyads = 43), OHS whose parents did not have PTSD (n dyads = 161), and comparison with parents who did not undergo the Holocaust (n dyads = 137). Findings reveal that OHS with parents suffering from probable PTSD aged less successfully than comparisons. Serial mediation analyses validated the aforementioned putative pathway (perceived parent–child role reversal, secondary traumatization, and depression) linking parental PTSD with offspring successful aging. Our findings are discussed through a vignette depicting a fictional OHS character. These underlying mechanisms suggest that different types of interventions, each geared towards a specific mechanism, may mitigate the lingering effect of parental PTSD on diminished OHS successful aging. Cataloger Haley Lesemann Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Variables Connecting Parental PTSD to Offspring Successful Aging: Parent–Child Role Reversal, Secondary Traumatization, and Depressive Symptoms Subject The topic of the resource Children of Holocaust survivors Aging Children of Holocaust Survivors Depressive Symptoms Holocaust Survivors Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma Israel Offspring Parent-Child Relations Parental Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Secondary Traumatization https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/9ebb2a1647e1a408434b54df798d1cd0.jpg fc55f6ef4e02fca24f723570105b5796 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9421-2_14">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9421-2_14</a> Document Type Book chapter Author(s) Konrad Brendler Book Title Beyond Trauma: Cultural and Societal Dynamics Publisher Springer Publication Date 1995 ISBN 9781475794212 Language English Access Restricted Access Abstract In an analysis of interviews with young people in West Germany, it is shown here that the legacy of silence within the family and confrontation with the documentation of the Holocaust may have a traumatizing effect on the psyche of the generation of the grandchildren. Cataloger Maria Qureshi Region West Germany Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Working Through the Holocaust: Still a Task for Germany's Youth? Subject The topic of the resource Post-traumatic stress disorder--Social aspects Concentration Camps Holocaust Survivors Interviews Trauma https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/dc902f9f8f0075f5ed30c45946661d63.jpg 8ac8d0c9636fdbbf70f6dc8a24911de1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00377319809517531">https://doi.org/10.1080/00377319809517531</a> Document Type Journal article Author(s) Eva Metzger Brown Volume Vol. 68 Issue No. 3 Publisher Taylor & Francis Journal Name Smith College Studies in Social Work Publication Date 1998 ISBN 377317 Language English Access Restricted Access Abstract In 1980, thirty‐five years after the end of World War II, the long‐term impact of war‐trauma on individuals’ lives led to concern about Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder. While the focus here is not on “disorders,” it is on interactive patterns of “defensive” caretaking behaviors which contribute to intergenerational transmission of anxiety, silence and losses related to the Holocaust. In this long‐term group, defensive caretaking patterns are conceptualized as second‐generation behaviors which focus on parental needs thereby avoiding addressing second‐generation vulnerabilities. Relevant concepts of Sullivan, Winnicott, Bion and Fairbairn are applied. In an innovative trauma group design, defensive caretaking patterns are illustrated through clinical examples and interventions by the therapist as a “validating object” work to mitigate transmission to still the next generation. Cataloger Maria Qureshi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Transmission of Trauma Through Caretaking Patterns of Behavior in Holocaust Families: Re-enactments in a Facilitated Long-Term Second-Generation Group Subject The topic of the resource Social service Anxiety Loss Mental Health Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Second-Generation Holocaust Survivors https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/e3926a26af964ed8fd2f6973c1e45b28.png aef16f910c2e17822ab852c3e0a0faff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11381586/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11381586/</a> Document Type Journal article Author(s) Daniel Brom, Haim Dasberg, Revital Kfir Volume Vol. 38 Issue No. 1 Publisher Israel Science Publishers Ltd. Journal Name The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences Publication Date 2001 ISBN 3337308 Language English Access Restricted Access Abstract The effects of the Holocaust on the offspring of survivors have remained unclear in discussions between clinicians, clinical researchers and empirical researchers. The authors report on a controlled double-blind study designed to test these effects using the sensitivity of clinicians to intrapsychic constellations and processes. The all female sample was randomly selected from several Jerusalem neighborhoods. The index subjects (n = 31), born between 1946 and 1960, had at least one parent (mother) who suffered persecution at the hands of the Nazi regime during WWII. The controls (N = 31), matched for age, educational status and birth order, were born to parents who had not lived under the occupation of the Nazi regime and had not suffered losses of close relatives in WWII. In-depth double-blind interviews, conducted by experienced psychodynamic psychotherapists, focused on personality characteristics without questioning individual development. The only measure used was a 48-item questionnaire completed by the therapists at the end of the interview. The study showed that daughters of Holocaust survivors are characterized by more problems in the realm of separation individuation issues. It also confirmed previous findings that the offspring of Holocaust survivors do not show more psychopathology than the general population. Cataloger Maria Qureshi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Controlled Double-Blind Study on Children of Holocaust Survivors Subject The topic of the resource Psychiatry Children of Holocaust Survivors Holocaust Psychopathology Survivors https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/2351b0da63b0c6ddad7077bb01c16d7a.jpg 74e324eabb2144419d0b7c141a97019c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429292965">https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429292965</a> Document Type Book Author(s) Ira Brenner Book Title The Handbook of Psychoanalytic Holocaust Studies: International Perspectives Publisher Routledge Publication Date 2019 ISBN 9780429292965 Language English Access Restricted Access Abstract This book is a unique compilation of essays about the genocidal persecution fuelling the Nazi regime in World War II. Written by world-renowned experts in the field, it confronts a vitally important and exceedingly difficult topic with sensitivity, courage, and wisdom, furthering our understanding of the Holocaust/Shoah psychoanalytically, historically, and through the arts. Authors from four continents offer their perspectives, clinical experiences, findings, and personal narratives on such subjects as resilience, remembrance, giving testimony, aging, and mourning. There is an emphasis on the intergenerational transmission of trauma of both the victims and the perpetrators, with chapters looking at the question of "evil", comparative studies, prevention, and the misuse of the Holocaust. Those chapters relating to therapy address the specific issues of the survivors, including the second and third generation, through psychoanalysis as well as other modalities, whilst the section on creativity and the arts looks at film, theater, poetry, opera, and writing. The aftermath of the Holocaust demanded that psychoanalysis re-examine the importance of psychic trauma; those who first studied this darkest chapter in human history successfully challenged the long-held assumption that psychical reality was essentially the only reality to be considered. As a result, contemporary thought about trauma, dissociation, self psychology, and relational psychology were greatly influenced by these pioneers, whose ideas have evolved since then. This long-awaited text is the definitive update and elaboration of their original contributions. Cataloger Maria Qureshi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Handbook of Psychoanalytic Holocaust Studies: International Perspectives Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Psychological aspects Genocide Holocaust Holocaust Survivors Psychic Trauma https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/691f35238b06e8b39feae0b29377d99d.jpg 1469b234a2df601bc412629f1d9461a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://www.karnacbooks.com/product/dark-matters-exploring-the-realm-of-psychic-devastation/33531/">https://www.karnacbooks.com/product/dark-matters-exploring-the-realm-of-psychic-devastation/33531/</a> Document Type Book Author(s) Ira Brenner Book Title Dark Matters: Exploring the Realm of Psychic Devastation Publisher Routledge Publication Date 2014 ISBN 9781780491639 Language English Access Restricted Access Abstract This book takes a deeper look into the darker side of the human condition by examining the psyches of those who have been victims or survivors of heinous acts perpetrated by others. From the “personal Holocaust” of sexual abuse in the family, to the genocidal persecution during “the” Holocaust, and from the shared national horror of September 11 to the Palestinian/Israeli situation, a special model of the traumatized mind is evolved to further our understanding of such “dark matters”. The traditional models of the mind fall short when dealing with extraordinary people under ordinary conditions as well as with ordinary people under extraordinary conditions. Cataloger Maria Qureshi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dark Matters: Exploring the Realm of Psychic Devastation Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Psychological aspects Auschwitz Dissociation Sexual Assault Trauma https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/bd3bc3e79c4c8bf43f4135aba605ad10.png afaf667d1627d4caecb73e090bafbd13 https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/ed0d06bf722dea52d73dd88c578ec040.pdf d01e3e3ed9e3e3d992c2c34dc00a012c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-134">https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-134</a> Document Type Journal article Author(s) Luciana Lorens Braga, Marcelo Feijó Mello, José Paulo Fiks Volume Vol. 12 Publisher Springer Nature Journal Name BMC Psychiatry Publication Date 2012 ISBN 1471244X Language English Access Open Access Abstract Background Over the past five decades, clinicians and researchers have debated the impact of the Holocaust on the children of its survivors. The transgenerational transmission of trauma has been explored in more than 500 articles, which have failed to reach reliable conclusions that could be generalized. The psychiatric literature shows mixed findings regarding this subject: many clinical studies reported psychopathological findings related to transgenerational transmission of trauma and some empirical research has found no evidence of this phenomenon in offspring of Holocaust survivors. Method This qualitative study aims to detect how the second generation perceives transgenerational transmission of their parents’ experiences in the Holocaust. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with fifteen offspring of Holocaust survivors and sought to analyze experiences, meanings and subjective processes of the participants. A Grounded Theory approach was employed, and constant comparative method was used for analysis of textual data. Results The development of conceptual categories led to the emergence of distinct patterns of communication from parents to their descendants. The qualitative methodology also allowed systematization of the different ways in which offspring can deal with parental trauma, which determine the development of specific mechanisms of traumatic experience or resilience in the second generation. Conclusions The conceptual categories constructed by the Grounded Theory approach were used to present a possible model of the transgenerational transmission of trauma, showing that not only traumatic experiences, but also resilience patterns can be transmitted to and developed by the second generation. As in all qualitative studies, these conclusions cannot be generalized, but the findings can be tested in other contexts. Cataloger Maria Qureshi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transgenerational Transmission of Trauma and Resilience: a qualitative study with Brazilian offspring of Holocaust survivors Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust survivors' families Communication Holocaust Holocaust Survivors Transgenerational Transmission of Trauma Trauma https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/9be4651e1d9b7769548ee013a2f29ae2.png aef16f910c2e17822ab852c3e0a0faff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.247">https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.247</a> Document Type Journal article Author(s) Mallory E. Bowers, Rachel Yehuda Volume Vol. 41 Issue No. 1 Publisher Springer Nature Journal Name Neuropsychopharmacology Publication Date 2016 ISBN 1740634X Language English Access Open Access Abstract The hypothesis that offspring are affected by parental trauma or stress exposure, first noted anecdotally, is now supported empirically by data from Holocaust survivor offspring cohorts and other populations. These findings have been extended to less extreme forms of stress, where differential physical, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes are observed in affected offspring. Parental stress-mediated effects in offspring could be explained by genetics or social learning theory. Alternatively, biological variations stemming from stress exposure in parents could more directly have an impact on offspring, a concept we refer to here as ‘intergenerational transmission’, via changes to gametes and the gestational uterine environment. We further extend this definition to include the transmission of stress to offspring via early postnatal care, as animal studies demonstrate the importance of early maternal care of pups in affecting offsprings’ long-term behavioral changes. Here, we review clinical observations in offspring, noting that offspring of stress- or trauma-exposed parents may be at greater risk for physical, behavioral, and cognitive problems, as well as psychopathology. Furthermore, we review findings concerning offspring biological correlates of parental stress, in particular, offspring neuroendocrine, epigenetic, and neuroanatomical changes, in an attempt to determine the extent of parental stress effects. Although understanding the etiology of effects in offspring is currently impeded by methodological constraints, and limitations in our knowledge, we summarize current information and conclude by presenting hypotheses that have been prompted by recent studies in the field. Cataloger Maria Qureshi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Intergenerational Transmission of Stress in Humans Subject The topic of the resource Psychopathology Holocaust Survivors Intergeneration Transmission Offspring Psychopathology Stress https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/924127168878e9a30b8bf011ba95e9d0.png e130ca3c38f76f7cba373730a19740db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://www.sup.org/books/middle-east-studies/holocaust-and-north-africa">https://www.sup.org/books/middle-east-studies/holocaust-and-north-africa</a> Document Type Book Author(s) Aomar Boum, Sarah Abrevaya Stein Book Title The Holocaust and North Africa Publisher Stanford University Press Publication Date 2018 ISBN 9781503607064 Region North Africa Language English Access Restricted Access Abstract The Holocaust is usually understood as a European story. Yet, this pivotal episode unfolded across North Africa and reverberated through politics, literature, memoir, and memory—Muslim as well as Jewish—in the post-war years. The Holocaust and North Africa offers the first English-language study of the unfolding events in North Africa, pushing at the boundaries of Holocaust Studies and North African Studies, and suggesting, powerfully, that neither is complete without the other. The essays in this volume reconstruct the implementation of race laws and forced labor across the Maghreb during World War II and consider the Holocaust as a North African local affair, which took diverse form from town to town and city to city. They explore how the Holocaust ruptured Muslim–Jewish relations, setting the stage for an entirely new post-war reality. Commentaries by leading scholars of Holocaust history complete the picture, reflecting on why the history of the Holocaust and North Africa has been so widely ignored—and what we have to gain by understanding it in all its nuances. Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Cataloger Maria Qureshi Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust and North Africa Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Antisemitism Colonialism Forced Labor Genocide Holocaust Jewish History Muslims North Africa https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/69e390cfb3f7ec2ed473efd8114945d5.gif 62aa46185bc947f8d50ffc136292a992 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000302">https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000302</a> Document Type Journal article Author(s) Adrian Dominik Wojcik, Michał Bilewicz Volume Vol. 88 Issue No. 3 Publisher American Psychological Association Journal Name American Journal of Orthopsychiatry Publication Date 2018 Region Poland Language English Access Restricted Access Abstract Secondary traumatic stress has been intensively studied among survivors’ therapists, family members, and trauma researchers. We claim that people who are exposed to reminders of past traumatic experiences when visiting places of memory or museum exhibitions could also develop secondary trauma symptoms. Thus, scholars and practitioners must better understand how such places related to historical traumatization (e.g., Holocaust memorial sites) can affect the psychological well-being of visitors. The main aim of this quantitative longitudinal study was to assess the scale of secondary traumatization among visitors to such places. The study found that the syndrome of secondary traumatic stress was observed among 13.2% of high school visitors to the Auschwitz memorial museum. Longitudinal analysis revealed that empathic reactions to the visit in Auschwitz (e.g., a greater inclusion of victims into the self) were associated with higher levels of secondary traumatic stress levels 1 month after the visit. This study suggests that visits to places related to traumatic past events should be preceded by a more intense elaboration of Holocaust history and by proper psychological preparations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) Cataloger Kristen Walker Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Visiting Auschwitz: Evidence of Secondary Traumatization Among High School Students Subject The topic of the resource Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Auschwitz High School Poland Secondary Traumatization Trauma https://library.icmglt.org/files/original/0443389cd9bad9c91adf4568813ffc14.jpg 33b735b5c89c147c289d73d21e5313bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Holocaust, 1939-1945 Electronic Resource View Source <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.06.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.06.001</a> Document Type Journal article Author(s) Amy L Lehrner, Heather N Bader, Louri Makotkine, Jonathan R Seckl, Linda M Bierer, Nikolaos P Daskalakis, Rachel Yehuda Volume Vol. 48 Journal Name Psychoneuroendocrinology Publication Date 2014 Language English Access Restricted Access Abstract Adult offspring of Holocaust survivors comprise an informative cohort in which to study intergenerational transmission of the effects of trauma exposure. Lower cortisol and enhanced glucocorticoid sensitivity have been previously demonstrated in Holocaust survivors with PTSD, and in offspring of Holocaust survivors in association with maternal PTSD. In other work, reduction in the activity of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD-2), which inactivates cortisol, was identified in Holocaust survivors in comparison to age-matched, unexposed Jewish controls. Therefore, we investigated glucocorticoid metabolism in offspring of Holocaust survivors to evaluate if similar enzymatic decrements would be observed that might help to explain glucocorticoid alterations previously shown for Holocaust offspring. Cataloger Kristen Walker Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elevation of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Activity in Holocaust Survivor Offspring: Evidence for an Intergenerational Effect of Maternal Trauma Exposure Subject The topic of the resource Endocrinology Children of Holocaust Survivors Genocide Holocaust Holocaust Exposure Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma Jewish Identity Mental Health Mental Illness Offspring Psychological Trauma Reconciliation